一、引言

　　1. Introduction

　　無(wú)論高等級(jí)公路還是低等級(jí)公路，水泥穩(wěn)定碎石可以說(shuō)是目前路面基層使用最多的一種材料了。設(shè)計(jì)中，水泥穩(wěn)定碎石單層的厚度大多就是18公分、20公分等的組合。那么，水泥穩(wěn)定碎石層的厚度為什么大多是18、20公分？其他厚度行不行？二、為什么多是18、20公分？

　　Whether it is a high-grade highway or a low-grade highway, cement stabilized crushed stone can be said to be the most commonly used material for pavement base at present. In design, the thickness of a single layer of cement stabilized crushed stone is mostly a combination of 18cm, 20cm, etc. So, why is the thickness of cement stabilized crushed stone layer mostly 18 or 20 centimeters? Can other thicknesses be used? 2、 Why are they mostly 18 or 20 centimeters?

　　根據(jù)《公路路面基層施工技術(shù)細(xì)則》（JTG/TF20-2015）5.4條的規(guī)定，路面基層碾壓成型后每層的攤鋪厚度宜不小于16cm，最大厚度宜不大于20cm。選擇上限20cm既能減少分層施工次數(shù)、優(yōu)化層間結(jié)合，又可提升路面整體性，兼顧效率與質(zhì)量，因而成為行業(yè)主流。三、其他厚度行不行？

　　According to Article 5.4 of the Technical Rules for Construction of Highway Pavement Base (JTG/TF20-2015), the paving thickness of each layer after the pavement base is rolled and formed should not be less than 16cm, and the maximum thickness should not be greater than 20cm. Choosing the upper limit of 20cm can not only reduce the number of layered construction times, optimize interlayer bonding, but also improve the overall integrity of the pavement, while considering efficiency and quality, thus becoming the mainstream in the industry. 3、 Can other thicknesses be used?

　　同樣也是《公路路面基層施工技術(shù)細(xì)則》（JTG/TF20-2015）5.4條規(guī)定，具有足夠的攤鋪能力和壓實(shí)功率時(shí)，可以增加碾壓厚度，具體的攤鋪厚度通過(guò)試驗(yàn)段確定機(jī)械適用性、機(jī)械組合方式、施工工藝及技術(shù)參數(shù)等。試驗(yàn)路段長(zhǎng)度宜為200m～400m。所以，其他厚度是可以的，只要能滿足質(zhì)量要求（主要是壓實(shí)度）。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單層壓實(shí)厚度大于20cm就算大厚度。不同地方的地標(biāo)定義略有不同。青海省地標(biāo)規(guī)定，寬幅大厚度水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層為攤鋪寬度10m～20m、厚度25cm～40cm一次成型的水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層。河南規(guī)定成型厚度在20cm～30cm之間，一次性攤鋪、碾壓完成的水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層。安徽地標(biāo)規(guī)定大厚度水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層為厚度在20cm～40cm之間，一次性全厚度攤鋪、碾壓完成的水泥穩(wěn)定碎石基層。四、大厚度水穩(wěn)碎石基層攤鋪、壓實(shí)要求

　　Similarly, according to Article 5.4 of the "Technical Guidelines for Construction of Highway Pavement Base" (JTG/TF20-2015), when there is sufficient paving capacity and compaction power, the rolling thickness can be increased. The specific paving thickness is determined through a test section to determine the mechanical applicability, mechanical combination method, construction technology, and technical parameters. The length of the test section should be between 200m and 400m. So, other thicknesses are acceptable as long as they meet the quality requirements (mainly compaction). Generally speaking, a single-layer compacted thickness greater than 20cm is considered a large thickness. The definition of landmarks varies slightly in different places. According to the landmark regulations of Qinghai Province, the wide and thick cement stabilized crushed stone base is a one-time formed cement stabilized crushed stone base with a paving width of 10m to 20m and a thickness of 25cm to 40cm. Henan Province stipulates that the forming thickness should be between 20cm and 30cm, and the cement stabilized crushed stone base should be laid and rolled in one go. Anhui landmark regulations stipulate that the thick cement stabilized crushed stone base is a cement stabilized crushed stone base with a thickness between 20cm and 40cm, which is fully paved and rolled in one go. 4、 Requirements for paving and compaction of thick water stable crushed stone base

　　1攤鋪拌合、攤鋪及壓實(shí)的能力要相匹配。大厚度基層的攤鋪機(jī)應(yīng)具有較大功率。河南省規(guī)范規(guī)定攤鋪機(jī)功率宜大于180kW。安徽省地標(biāo)規(guī)定，當(dāng)壓實(shí)厚度20cm～30cm，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率應(yīng)大于150kW（相較于常規(guī)厚度的120kW）；當(dāng)壓實(shí)厚度30cm～40cm，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率宜大于180kW。

　　The ability to mix, spread, and compact should be matched. The paver for thick base layers should have high power. According to regulations in Henan Province, the power of pavers should be greater than 180kW. According to landmark regulations in Anhui Province, when the compaction thickness is between 20cm and 30cm, the engine power should be greater than 150kW (compared to 120kW for conventional thicknesses); When the compaction thickness is 30cm to 40cm, the engine power should be greater than 180kW.

　　2壓實(shí)工藝梳理了各地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于大厚度壓實(shí)的相關(guān)機(jī)械組合、壓實(shí)工藝等的要求，如下。

　　The requirements for mechanical combinations and compaction processes related to thick compaction in various local standards have been sorted out, as follows.

　　1）安徽省地標(biāo)

　　1) Anhui Province Landmark

　　安徽省地標(biāo)中針對(duì)大厚度基層提出了以下兩種碾壓方式。

　　Anhui Province has proposed the following two compaction methods for thick base layers in landmark areas.

　?、?垂直振動(dòng)+水平振蕩組合

　?、?Combination of vertical vibration and horizontal oscillation

　　壓實(shí)厚度30-40cm時(shí)，選用≥20t單鋼輪垂直振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)，激振力≥400kN。壓實(shí)厚度20-30cm時(shí)，選用≥12t單鋼輪垂直振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)，激振力≥300kN。配合使用的雙鋼輪垂直振動(dòng)水平振蕩壓路機(jī)，整機(jī)質(zhì)量≥13t。膠輪壓路機(jī)≥26t。初壓：采用垂直振動(dòng)水平振蕩雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)，激振力≥240kN，以水平振蕩揉搓碾壓方式穩(wěn)壓1-2遍。雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)復(fù)壓：采用垂直振動(dòng)單鋼輪壓路機(jī)，先強(qiáng)振低頻高幅、低速行走碾壓，再弱振高頻低幅碾壓，速度≤4km/h，碾壓4-5次使用垂直振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)相鄰碾壓帶只需重疊20cm～30cm，后輪必須超過(guò)兩端的接縫處，壓實(shí)后表面平整密實(shí)，無(wú)輪跡或隆起，不得產(chǎn)生表面被壓材料的推移松散和裂紋“大波浪”現(xiàn)象。終壓：采用垂直振動(dòng)水平振蕩雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)收光1～2遍。壓路機(jī)組合方式

　　When compacting a thickness of 30-40cm, a single steel wheel vertical vibration roller of ≥ 20t is selected with an excitation force of ≥ 400kN. When compacting a thickness of 20-30cm, a single steel wheel vertical vibration roller of ≥ 12t is selected with an excitation force of ≥ 300kN. The double steel wheel vertical vibration horizontal oscillation roller used in conjunction has a total weight of ≥ 13t. The rubber wheel roller has a weight of ≥ 26t. Initial compaction: A vertical vibration horizontal oscillation double steel wheel roller is used with an excitation force of ≥ 240kN, and the pressure is stabilized 1-2 times by horizontal oscillation rolling and kneading. Double drum roller re compaction: A vertical vibration single drum roller is used. First, a strong vibration low-frequency high amplitude and low-speed walking roller is used, followed by a weak vibration high-frequency and low amplitude roller, with a speed of ≤ 4km/h. After 4-5 rounds of rolling, the adjacent rolling belts of the vertical vibration roller only need to overlap by 20cm~30cm, and the rear wheel must exceed the joint at both ends. After compaction, the surface is flat and dense, without wheel marks or bulges, and there should be no loose movement or cracking of the surface material being compacted. Final compaction: Use a vertical vibration and horizontal oscillation double drum roller to receive light 1-2 times. Combination method of roller

　?、?大激振力液壓振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)為主的方式

　　② The main method of using a hydraulic vibratory roller with high excitation force

　　壓路機(jī)配置如下：壓實(shí)厚度在30cm～40cm時(shí)，選用不低于32t單鋼輪振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)，激振力不小于550kN；壓實(shí)厚度在20cm～30cm時(shí)，選用不低于22t單鋼輪振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)，激振力不小于400kN；配合使用的單鋼輪振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)不低于20t；膠輪壓路機(jī)應(yīng)不低于26t。碾壓方式如下：初壓宜采用小噸位鋼輪壓路機(jī)（20t）靜壓或者前進(jìn)時(shí)靜壓后退時(shí)弱振方式，碾壓1～2遍。振動(dòng)碾壓時(shí)宜采用高頻低幅。強(qiáng)振的激振力應(yīng)由小到大變化。復(fù)壓階段宜先采用較大噸位鋼輪壓路機(jī)（22t）高頻低幅（弱振）1遍，再低頻高幅（強(qiáng)振）1遍；根據(jù)壓實(shí)層厚度，采用大激振力液壓振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)（32t以上）或（22t以上）振動(dòng)碾壓2～4遍，宜先弱振再?gòu)?qiáng)振。

　　The configuration of the road roller is as follows: when the compaction thickness is between 30cm and 40cm, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 550kN should be selected; when the compaction thickness is between 20cm and 30cm, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 22t should be selected, with an excitation force of not less than 400kN; when used in conjunction, a single steel wheel vibratory roller with an excitation force of not less than 20t should be used; and a rubber wheel roller with an excitation force of not less than 26t should be used. The rolling method is as follows: for initial compaction, a small tonnage steel wheel roller (20t) should be used for static pressure or a weak vibration method should be used for static pressure when moving forward and backward, and rolling should be done 1-2 times. High frequency and low amplitude should be used for vibration compaction. The excitation force of strong vibration should vary from small to large. During the re compaction stage, it is advisable to first use a large tonnage steel wheel roller (22t) for high-frequency low amplitude (weak vibration) once, and then low-frequency high amplitude (strong vibration) once; According to the thickness of the compacted layer, use a hydraulic vibratory roller with high excitation force (32t or more) or (22t or more) to vibrate and compact 2-4 times, preferably with weak vibration first and then strong vibration.

　　單鋼輪壓路機(jī)

　　Single drum roller

　　終壓用鋼輪壓路機(jī)靜壓收光，消除輪跡、防止表面松散。表面如果有裂紋或不能全部消除表面皺紋，強(qiáng)振中間可增加膠輪壓路機(jī)碾壓或在強(qiáng)振后增加膠輪碾壓。

　　The steel wheel roller is used for static pressure finishing to eliminate wheel marks and prevent surface looseness. If there are cracks or wrinkles on the surface that cannot be completely eliminated, a rubber roller can be added for compaction during strong vibration, or rubber rollers can be added for compaction after strong vibration.

　　壓路機(jī)組合方式

　　Combination method of roller

　　2）青海省地標(biāo)

　　2) Landmark of Qinghai Province

　　壓實(shí)設(shè)備組合應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：a)雙向四車道高速公路或一級(jí)公路半幅攤鋪時(shí)，應(yīng)配備2臺(tái)激振力25t以上振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)、2臺(tái)激振力不小于35t重型振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)、1臺(tái)25t～30t重型輪胎壓路機(jī)、2臺(tái)壓實(shí)噸位15t～20t雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)；其他等級(jí)公路壓實(shí)設(shè)備組合參照?qǐng)?zhí)行；b)雙向六車道高速公路或一級(jí)公路半幅攤鋪時(shí)，應(yīng)配備3臺(tái)激振力25t以上振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)、3臺(tái)激振力大于35t重型振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)、1臺(tái)25t～30t重型輪胎壓路機(jī)和2臺(tái)壓實(shí)噸位15t～20t雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)。攤鋪機(jī)鋪筑后，應(yīng)及時(shí)采用25t以上振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)初壓2～3遍，穩(wěn)壓后，再用35t以上重型振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)碾壓6～8遍，具體的壓實(shí)遍數(shù)應(yīng)通過(guò)試驗(yàn)段確定，最后用15t～20t雙鋼輪壓路機(jī)消除輪跡。采用25t～30t重型輪胎壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行封面壓實(shí)。輪胎壓路機(jī)

　　The combination of compaction equipment shall meet the following requirements: a) When paving two-way four lane expressway or first-class highway in half width, 2 sets of vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 25t, 2 sets of heavy vibratory rollers with excitation force not less than 35t, 1 set of 25t~30t heavy tire roller, and 2 sets of 15t~20t double drum rollers with compaction tonnage shall be equipped; The combination of compaction equipment for other grades of highways shall be implemented in accordance with the reference; b) When paving two-way six lane expressway or first-class highway in half width, three vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 25t, three heavy-duty vibratory rollers with excitation force of more than 35t, one 25t~30t heavy-duty tire roller and two 15t~20t double drum rollers with compaction tonnage shall be equipped. After the paving machine is used for paving, a vibrating roller with a capacity of 25 tons or more should be used for initial compaction of 2-3 times in a timely manner. After stabilizing the pressure, a heavy-duty vibrating roller with a capacity of 35 tons or more should be used for compaction of 6-8 times. The specific number of compaction times should be determined through the test section, and finally a double drum roller with a capacity of 15 tons to 20 tons should be used to eliminate wheel marks. Use a 25t to 30t heavy-duty tire roller for cover compaction. Tire roller

　　3）河南省地標(biāo)

　　3) Henan Province Landmark

　　初壓階段采用自重20t以上的鋼輪壓路機(jī)靜壓或者前進(jìn)時(shí)靜壓、后退時(shí)弱振方式，碾壓2～3遍，碾壓速度2km/h～3km/h。若采用膠輪壓路機(jī)，宜選用自重30t以上的重膠輪壓路機(jī)穩(wěn)壓1～2遍。復(fù)壓階段先采用自重26t以上的鋼輪壓路機(jī)高頻低幅碾壓1～2遍，再低頻高幅碾壓2～3遍，碾壓速度2km/h～5km/h，先弱振再?gòu)?qiáng)振。表面如果有裂紋或未能全部消除表面裂紋，強(qiáng)振期間可增加不小于30t的膠輪壓路機(jī)碾壓或在強(qiáng)振后增加膠輪碾壓，碾壓1～2遍，碾壓速度2km/h～5km/h。碾壓遍數(shù)可參照試驗(yàn)段數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)整。終壓階段宜采用振蕩壓路機(jī)，若采用鋼輪壓路機(jī)靜壓收光，應(yīng)以消除輪跡為準(zhǔn)，防止表面松散。某項(xiàng)目35cm半剛性基層機(jī)械選擇

　　During the initial compaction stage, a steel wheel roller with a self weight of over 20 tons is used for static pressure or static pressure during forward movement and weak vibration during backward movement. The roller is compacted 2-3 times at a speed of 2km/h to 3km/h. If a rubber roller is used, it is advisable to use a heavy rubber roller with a self weight of more than 30t to stabilize the pressure for 1-2 times. During the re compaction stage, a steel wheel roller with a self weight of 26 tons or more is first used for high-frequency and low amplitude rolling for 1-2 times, followed by low-frequency and high amplitude rolling for 2-3 times, with a rolling speed of 2km/h to 5km/h, and weak vibration followed by strong vibration. If there are cracks on the surface or if the surface cracks cannot be completely eliminated, a rubber roller with a weight of not less than 30t can be added for compaction during strong vibration, or rubber rollers can be added for compaction after strong vibration. The compaction should be done 1-2 times at a speed of 2km/h to 5km/h. The number of rolling passes can be adjusted based on the data from the test section. In the final compaction stage, it is advisable to use an oscillating roller. If a steel wheel roller is used for static pressure finishing, the elimination of wheel marks should be taken as the standard to prevent surface looseness. Selection of 35cm semi-rigid base machinery for a certain project

　　五、結(jié)語(yǔ)一些看似常規(guī)的做法，背后有他并不簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯與原因，有心挖掘自能有所收獲。采用大厚度基層在機(jī)械設(shè)備允許的情況下是可行的，工藝和設(shè)備組合要通過(guò)試驗(yàn)段進(jìn)行確定。

　　5、 Conclusion: Some seemingly conventional practices have their own complex logic and reasons behind them, and those who are willing to explore them can reap rewards. It is feasible to use a thick base layer when mechanical equipment allows, and the combination of process and equipment should be determined through experimental sections.

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